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Trams in Berlin
The Berlin tramway ((ドイツ語:Straßenbahn Berlin)) is the main tram system in Berlin, Germany. It is one of the oldest tram networks in the world having its origins in 1865〔 and is operated by ドイツ語:Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG), which was founded in 1929. It is notable for being the third largest tram system in the world, after Melbourne and St. Petersburg. Berlin's streetcar system is made up of 22 lines〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The company in brief Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe )〕 that operate across a standard gauge network, with almost 800 stops and measuring almost in route length and in line length. Nine of the lines, called Metrotram, are operated 24 hours per day, and are identified with the letter 'M' before their number;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Travel information - Overview of our lines (Metrotram) )〕 the other thirteen lines are regular city tram lines and are identified by just a line number.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Travel information - Overview of our lines (Tram) )〕
Most of the recent network is within the confines of the former East Berlin—tram lines within West Berlin having been replaced by buses during the division of Berlin (the first extension into West Berlin opened in 1994 on today's M13). In the eastern vicinity of the city there are also three private tram lines not part of the main system, whilst to the south-west of Berlin is the Potsdam tram system with its own network of lines.
==History==
In 1865, a horse tramway was established in Berlin. In 1881, the world's second electric tram line opened. Numerous private and municipal operating companies constructed new routes, so by the end of the 19th century the network developed quite rapidly, and the horse trams were changed into electric ones. By 1930, the network had a route length of over 630 km (391 mi) with more than 90 lines. In 1929, all operating companies were unified into the BVG. After World War II, BVG was divided into an eastern and a western company but was once again reunited in 1992, after the fall of East Germany. In West Berlin, by 1967 the last tram lines had been shut down. With the exception of two lines constructed after German reunification, the Berlin tram continues to be limited to the eastern portion of Berlin.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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